Teaching Healthy Cultivation
Evidence & Sources
The research and technical references currently connected to THC lessons. Sources are mapped only where they support relevant biological, diagnostic, environmental, or process concepts.
Reference library
Current sources
Peer-reviewed research is prioritized for cannabis-specific claims, with university extension and government guidance used for broader greenhouse, IPM, biosecurity, environmental-stress, and diagnostic principles.
Peer-reviewed review
Integrated Management of Pathogens and Microbes in Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis) under Greenhouse Conditions
Cannabis greenhouse disease diagnosis and integrated management, including powdery mildew, Botrytis, root disease, HLVd, sanitation, irrigation, airflow, and post-harvest microbial risk.
Plants · 2024 · used on 8 lesson pages ↗Peer-reviewed research
Transmission, Spread, Longevity and Management of Hop Latent Viroid, a Widespread and Destructive Pathogen Affecting Cannabis Plants in North America
HLVd detection, transmission pathways, persistence, sanitation experiments, propagation risk, and clean-stock management.
Plants · 2025 · used on 1 lesson page ↗Peer-reviewed review
Hop Latent Viroid: A Hidden Threat to the Cannabis Industry
HLVd biology, cannabis disease context, symptoms, testing, crop-quality effects, and management considerations.
Viruses · 2023 · used on 1 lesson page ↗Peer-reviewed research
Postharvest Drying and Curing Affect Cannabinoid Contents and Microbial Levels in Industrial Hemp
Experimental drying and curing comparisons, moisture redistribution, cannabinoid measurements, color, and microbial levels.
Peer-reviewed open-access research · 2025 · used on 4 lesson pages ↗Peer-reviewed research
Total yeast and mold levels in high THC-containing cannabis inflorescences are influenced by genotype, environment, and pre- and post-harvest handling practices
Cannabis inflorescence microbial loads, microclimate, airflow, handling, drying method, moisture, water activity, and post-harvest risk factors.
Peer-reviewed open-access research · 2023 · used on 4 lesson pages ↗Peer-reviewed review
Postharvest Operations of Cannabis and Their Effect on Cannabinoid Content: A Review
Drying, curing, storage, water activity, equilibrium moisture, packaging, and post-harvest process design.
Peer-reviewed review · 2022 · used on 3 lesson pages ↗University extension
Planning for Biological Control in Greenhouses
Preventive biological control, natural-enemy selection, compatibility, environmental fit, sticky-card monitoring, scouting, and recordkeeping.
Penn State Extension · 2026 · used on 3 lesson pages ↗University extension
Integrated Pest Management in Commercial Greenhouses: An Overview of Principles and Practices
Greenhouse IPM principles, plant quarantine, scouting, monitoring, sanitation, media, and integrated pest-management practices.
Oklahoma State University Extension · used on 5 lesson pages ↗Government production guide
Integrated Pest Management for Greenhouse Fruits and Vegetables
Comprehensive greenhouse IPM framework and pest-management concepts for protected production systems.
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Agribusiness · 2025 · used on 4 lesson pages ↗Government biosecurity guide
Greenhouse Vegetable Sector Biosecurity Guide
Controlled access, crop scouting, movement controls, sanitation, pest introduction pathways, and greenhouse biosecurity practices.
Canadian Food Inspection Agency · used on 2 lesson pages ↗University extension
Using Integrated Pest Management in Greenhouses and Herbaceous Nurseries
Regular scouting, biological-control planning, greenhouse insect screening, pest exclusion, and airflow tradeoffs.
University of Missouri Extension · used on 1 lesson page ↗Peer-reviewed research
Degeneration of oil bodies by rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)-associated protein during seed germination in Cannabis sativa L
Cannabis achene and embryo microstructure, cotyledons, radicle position, storage organelles, reserve mobilization, and structural changes during germination.
AoB PLANTS · 2023 · used on 0 lesson pages ↗Peer-reviewed research
Morphological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Throughout Its Complete Life Cycle
Cannabis leaf morphogenesis, phyllotaxy, plant architecture, reproductive transition, inflorescence development, trichome development, and senescence across a complete life cycle.
Plants · 2023 · used on 0 lesson pages ↗Peer-reviewed research
Architecture and Florogenesis in Female Cannabis sativa Plants
Female cannabis phytomer organization, solitary flowers, branching, photoperiod response, inflorescence architecture, and floral development.
Frontiers in Plant Science · 2019 · used on 0 lesson pages ↗Peer-reviewed review
Cannabis Glandular Trichomes: A Cellular Metabolite Factory
Cannabis glandular trichome morphology, capitate-stalked and sessile forms, secretory disk cells, subcuticular storage, distribution, and specialized-metabolite biology.
Frontiers in Plant Science · 2021 · used on 0 lesson pages ↗Peer-reviewed research
Photosynthetic response of Cannabis sativa L. to variations in photosynthetic photon flux densities, temperature and CO2 conditions
Cannabis gas exchange, photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, PPFD, temperature, and carbon-dioxide response under measured conditions.
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants · 2008 · used on 3 lesson pages ↗Peer-reviewed review
Root Hairs
Foundational angiosperm root-hair development, absorptive surface, nutrient acquisition, environmental response, and root–microbe interaction.
Plant Physiology · 2014 · used on 0 lesson pages ↗Peer-reviewed review
An update on phloem transport: a simple bulk flow under complex regulation
Plant source–sink relationships, phloem loading and unloading, sieve-element transport, pressure-driven bulk flow, and regulatory context.
F1000Research · 2017 · used on 0 lesson pages ↗Peer-reviewed research review
The Evolution of Mechanisms Driving the Stomatal Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit
Vapor-pressure-deficit sensing and stomatal response mechanisms in vascular plants, including hydraulic and ABA-mediated regulation.
Plant Physiology · 2015 · used on 1 lesson page ↗Peer-reviewed research
Inflorescence development in female cannabis plants is mediated by photoperiod and gibberellin
Female cannabis photoperiod response, shoot-apex architecture, internode elongation, condensed inflorescence development, gibberellin, and auxin context.
Horticulture Research · 2024 · used on 0 lesson pages ↗Peer-reviewed review
Hermaphroditism in Cannabis sativa L.: Impacts, Inducers, and Industry Implications
Cannabis sex determination and sex-expression plasticity, genetic and hormonal regulation, environmental context, hermaphroditism, early detection, and breeding implications.
Plants · 2026 · used on 0 lesson pages ↗Peer-reviewed research
Genotypic Variation in Photosynthesis and Biomass Partitioning Underlies Agronomic Performance and Cannabinoid Profile in Cannabis sativa Under Drought
Cannabis photosynthetic and stomatal responses to water deficit, genotype-dependent drought response, biomass partitioning, and physiological interpretation under measured conditions.
Plants · 2025 · used on 1 lesson page ↗Peer-reviewed review
Bracts, Buds, and Biases: Uncovering Gaps in Trichome Density Quantification and Cannabinoid Concentration in Cannabis sativa L
Trichome sampling units, bract versus sugar-leaf context, microscopy and imaging considerations, anatomical variability, and reproducibility of trichome assessment.
Plants · 2025 · used on 0 lesson pages ↗University extension
Aeration Deficit
Root-zone oxygen supply, waterlogging, root respiration, water and nutrient uptake, chronic saturation, root decline, and the overlap between aeration deficit and root-decay pathogens.
University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program · used on 2 lesson pages ↗University extension
Water Deficit and Excess
Plant injury from insufficient or excessive root-zone moisture, irrigation diagnosis, overwatering, poor drainage, aeration deficit, and the need to distinguish wet-root and dry-root stress.
University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program · used on 3 lesson pages ↗University extension
Drowning and Edema
Non-infectious edema symptoms, lower-leaf blisters and corking, excess moisture, humid conditions, and water uptake exceeding transpiration.
University of Illinois Extension · used on 2 lesson pages ↗University extension
Phytotoxicity: Chemical Damage to Garden Plants
Chemical and pesticide injury, spray-pattern damage, spotting, scorch, distortion, look-alikes, exposure history, and clues that distinguish one-time phytotoxic injury from pests and infectious disease.
University of Maryland Extension · used on 3 lesson pages ↗University extension
Herbicide Damage on Vegetables
Off-target herbicide injury, drift, distorted and strappy new growth, multi-species exposure clues, symptom timing, and differential diagnosis against cultural, insect, mite, disease, and virus problems.
University of Maryland Extension · used on 2 lesson pages ↗University extension
Saline Soils and Plant Growth
Soluble-salt accumulation, electrical-conductivity measurement, method-dependent EC interpretation, greenhouse and high-tunnel salt risk, root-zone leaching, and plant response to salinity.
Penn State Extension · 2025 · used on 1 lesson page ↗University extension
A Water Quality Toolkit for Greenhouse and Nursery Production
Greenhouse water-quality monitoring, pH, alkalinity, hardness, electrical conductivity, meter calibration, recordkeeping, and the relationship between irrigation chemistry, growing-media pH, and nutrient availability.
Penn State Extension · 2025 · used on 2 lesson pages ↗University extension
Potting Media and Plant Propagation
Greenhouse soilless-media testing, saturated-media methods, pH, soluble salts, nutrient analysis, media aeration, drainage, and propagation-root-zone quality.
Penn State Extension · used on 2 lesson pages ↗University extension
Chilling Injury in Newly Planted Corn and Soybeans
General crop chilling-injury principles, cold and wet root-zone exposure, low-temperature stress around germination and establishment, and the importance of temperature history when interpreting injury.
Penn State Extension · 2026 · used on 1 lesson page ↗Peer-reviewed review
Emerging diseases of Cannabis sativa and sustainable management
Emerging Cannabis sativa and hemp diseases, inoculum sources, field carryover, Neofusicoccum-associated disease, Sclerotinia white mold, southern blight, pathogen spread, and integrated disease-management context.
Pest Management Science · 2021 · used on 4 lesson pages ↗Peer-reviewed research
Host status and susceptibility of Cannabis sativa cultivars to root-knot nematodes
Greenhouse trials evaluating Cannabis sativa hemp cultivars as hosts for multiple Meloidogyne root-knot nematode species, including galling, reproduction, cultivar response, and growth effects under infested conditions.
Journal of Nematology · 2024 · used on 1 lesson page ↗Peer-reviewed research
Septoria cannabicola, a new species on Cannabis sativa from Japan
Morphological and molecular evidence for Septoria leaf spot disease on Cannabis sativa and the importance of organism-level identification rather than diagnosis from lesion appearance alone.
Mycoscience · 2024 · used on 1 lesson page ↗Peer-reviewed research
Draft genome sequences for four isolates of the hemp (Cannabis sativa) fungal pathogen Neofusicoccum parvum
Cannabis sativa isolates of Neofusicoccum parvum collected from diseased hemp and previously shown to be pathogenic, with disease context including terminal dieback.
Microbiology Resource Announcements · 2024 · used on 1 lesson page ↗University extension
IPM Scouting and Decision Making
Greenhouse IPM scouting, incoming-plant inspection, sticky-card monitoring, fungus gnat and shore-fly differentiation context, hotspot mapping, recordkeeping, and treatment-effectiveness review.
UMass Amherst Extension · used on 1 lesson page ↗