Diseases

Damping-Off Complex

A seedling disease syndrome caused by several soilborne fungi and oomycetes. It can occur before emergence or after emergence when the stem or root tissues are attacked.

What to look for

  • Seedlings that fail to emerge despite viable seed
  • Water-soaked or constricted tissue near the media line
  • Seedlings that topple after stem weakening
  • Root discoloration or decay in propagation media

Important look-alikes

  • Mechanical stem injury
  • Severe dehydration
  • Heat injury
  • Seedling collapse from extreme salinity or other abiotic stress

How to confirm

  • Inspect stem base and roots closely
  • Review moisture, temperature, sanitation, and media history
  • Laboratory diagnosis may be needed to identify the causal organism

Management principles

  • Remove collapsed seedlings and contaminated debris
  • Avoid chronic saturation
  • Improve propagation sanitation and air exchange
  • Use organism-specific management when the pathogen is confirmed

Prevention

  • Use clean propagation equipment and media
  • Avoid overwatering
  • Provide suitable temperature and oxygen conditions
  • Sanitize trays and tools between batches

Visual study guide

  • Healthy versus damped-off seedling
  • Stem-base lesion close-up
  • Pre-emergence versus post-emergence diagram
  • Propagation risk-factor map