Measurement & Experimental Science

Calibration, Traceability & Reference Standards

A measurement is defensible when the instrument, calibration or check standard, method, operator, and date are traceable. Displayed precision is not evidence of accuracy by itself.

Key concepts

  • Calibration compares an instrument response with a known reference
  • Check standards can reveal drift between calibrations
  • Instrument resolution and accuracy are different
  • Traceable records make questionable data auditable

What to measure or observe

  • Record instrument ID
  • Record reference standard and lot where relevant
  • Document pre- and post-calibration readings
  • Remove instruments from service when checks fail

Common mistakes

  • Trusting a meter because it shows many decimal places
  • Calibrating without recording the standard
  • Using expired or contaminated standards
  • Mixing data from known-bad and verified instruments

Visuals this lesson still needs

  • Calibration traceability chain
  • Resolution-versus-accuracy graphic
  • Drift check chart
  • Out-of-tolerance workflow