Training & Plant Architecture

Apical Dominance & Topping

The shoot apex influences lateral growth through interacting hormonal and resource signals. Removing it changes branch competition but does not guarantee a fixed number of replacement tops.

Key concepts

  • Axillary buds already exist at nodes
  • Removing the shoot apex changes hormonal relationships and resource distribution
  • Plant response depends on genotype, stage, health, and environment
  • Cuts create wounds that require recovery

What to measure or observe

  • Record node number at topping
  • Track which axillary shoots accelerate afterward
  • Inspect wound closure and stem support
  • Compare canopy height distribution before and after

Common mistakes

  • Describing auxin as a simple on/off switch
  • Topping severely stressed plants
  • Assuming topping automatically increases yield

Visuals this lesson still needs

  • Apical dominance flow diagram
  • Topping cut-location sequence
  • Axillary response timeline
  • Intact-versus-topped architecture